Enable type-checking for examples

[thierry-martinez]

This commit adds type annotations in all example modules, and refines the type of PatternSimulator constructor, so that the type parameter for states is automatically inferred from the backend argument.

It enables full type-checking with mypy and pyright while preserving existing functionality across the entire code base. No files are ignored by the typers anymore.

Related issue:
This commit continues the work started in #302, #308, #312, #347, and #414.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 88.74%. Comparing base (01ea6cf) to head (612db4e).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #430   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   88.74%   88.74%           
=======================================
  Files          44       44           
  Lines        6308     6308           
=======================================
  Hits         5598     5598           
  Misses        710      710           

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[emlynsg]

Looks good to me. Do we mind that there are still lots of Pyright warnings?

[thierry-martinez]

Actually, they were only three warnings:

• one warning Import "setuptools" could not be resolved from source (reportMissingModuleSource): I believe there is nothing to do about that; we could disable reportMissingModuleSource completely, or make pyright ignore setup.py, but I am not sure what is preferable;
• two warnings reportInvalidTypeVarUse that can be considered as real issues: I turned them into errors in pyproject.toml and fixed them in 77a2858.

There are 395 informations: we can see if there is something we can do with them at some point, but I consider it is out of the scope of this PR!