diff --git a/pygmt/src/project.py b/pygmt/src/project.py
index 0b5199b2647..bd9ffe73e93 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/project.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/project.py
@@ -229,6 +229,15 @@ def project(  # noqa: PLR0913
     if kwargs.get("G") is not None and kwargs.get("F") is not None:
         raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one=["convention", "generate"])
 
+    # Input validation for only one geometry parameter
+    geometry_params = [
+        kwargs.get("A") is not None,
+        kwargs.get("E", endpoint) is not None,
+        kwargs.get("T", pole) is not None,
+    ]
+    if sum(geometry_params) > 1:
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one=["azimuth", "endpoint", "pole"])
+
     output_type = validate_output_table_type(output_type, outfile=outfile)
 
     column_names = None
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_project.py b/pygmt/tests/test_project.py
index f6580aa6fa5..67ba45603db 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_project.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_project.py
@@ -90,3 +90,19 @@ def test_project_incorrect_parameters():
     with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         # Using `generate` with `convention`
         project(center=[0, -1], generate=0.5, convention="xypqrsz")
+
+
+def test_project_geometry_definition_validation(dataframe):
+    """
+    Validate input validation for mutually
+    exclusive projection geometry parameters.
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
+        project(
+            center=[0, -1],
+            generate=0.5,
+            data=dataframe,
+            endpoint=[0, 1],
+            azimuth=45,
+            pole=[0, 90],
+        )